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Paleontology - Earth Sciences - 25.10.2024
Symbiosis in ancient Corals
Symbiosis in ancient Corals
Analysis of nitrogen isotopes provides evidence of the earliest known photosymbiosis in corals of the Devonian A research team led by researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz has used nitrogen isotope analysis to demonstrate that 385 million years old corals of the Devonian from the Eifel and Sauerland regions had symbionts.

Earth Sciences - Life Sciences - 04.10.2024
Toxic gas use among microbes: Battle for iron in the oceans of the early Earth
Toxic gas use among microbes: Battle for iron in the oceans of the early Earth
On the early Earth, the atmosphere did not yet contain oxygen; nevertheless, the iron dissolved in the oceans was oxidized in gigantic quantities and deposited as rock, for example as banded iron ore in South Africa. Various bacteria excrete insoluble iron via their own metabolic reactions: Some, the phototrophic iron oxidizers, gain energy by oxidizing the iron with the help of sunlight, and others by converting the iron with nitrate as an oxidizing agent.

Earth Sciences - 01.10.2024
Mystery of Uruguay's amethyst geodes
Mystery of Uruguay’s amethyst geodes
International research team led by Göttingen University identifies new model to explain amethyst formation Amethyst is a violet variety of quartz which has been used as a gemstone for many centuries and is a key economic resource in northern Uruguay. Geodes are hollow rock formations often with quartz crystals, such as amethyst, inside.

Earth Sciences - 01.10.2024
The secret of the amethyst rock formations of Uruguay
The secret of the amethyst rock formations of Uruguay
International research team led by the University of Göttingen develops new model Amethyst is a type of purple quartz that has been used as a gemstone for many centuries and is an important economic resource in northern Uruguay. Geodes are hollow rock formations that often contain quartz crystals. Amethyst geodes in Uruguay are found in cooled lava flows that originate from the break-up of the supercontinent Gondwana around 134 million years ago.

Computer Science - Earth Sciences - 01.10.2024
Automated Detection of Impervious Surfaces
Automated Detection of Impervious Surfaces
Many areas in North Rhine-Westphalia are paved over by impervious surfaces such as roads, housing estates and industrial sites. While this is obvious from aerial photographs, it is difficult to analyze. In accordance with the German Sustainability Strategy, new impervious surfaces are to be limited to less than 30 hectares per day nationwide.

Environment - Earth Sciences - 17.09.2024
Pollen affects cloud formation and precipitation patterns
Pollen affects cloud formation and precipitation patterns
Pollen not only plays a role in allergies, but also influences the local weather. Especially in spring, when large amounts are released, it contributes to the formation of ice in clouds, which can increase rainfall. A recent study led by the Institute for Meteorology at Leipzig University is the first to prove this outside the laboratory.

Life Sciences - Earth Sciences - 11.09.2024
How to Live 400 Years
How to Live 400 Years
An international research team has decoded the genome of the longest-lived known vertebrate: the Greenland shark. It is huge and has special repair capabilities. The Greenland Shark ( Somniosus microcephalus ), an elusive dweller of the depths of the northern Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean, is the world's longest-living vertebrate, with an estimated lifespan of about 400 years.

Astronomy / Space - Earth Sciences - 06.09.2024
Dwarf planet Ceres: Origin in the asteroid belt?
Dwarf planet Ceres: Origin in the asteroid belt?
Bright yellow deposits in Consus Crater bear witness to dwarf planet Ceres' cryovolcanic past - and revive the debate about its place of origin. The dwarf planet Ceres has a diameter of almost 1000 kilometres and is located in the asteroid belt. In the television series -The Expanse-, Ceres gained new fame as the main base of the so called -belters-: in this series, which is based on real physics, humans colonize the asteroid belt for mining.

Earth Sciences - Environment - 04.09.2024
Aircraft campaign HALO (AC)³: Researchers investigate cloud movement in the Arctic
Aircraft campaign HALO (AC)³: Researchers investigate cloud movement in the Arctic
Special features of the Arctic climate, such as the strong reflection of the sun's rays on the light-colored snow surface or the low position of the sun, intensify global warming in the Arctic. However, researchers are constantly faced with the challenge of mapping the climatic processes responsible for this in order to make reliable weather forecasts.

Earth Sciences - Environment - 02.09.2024
Geoinformatics: Using Artificial Intelligence to Take Better Aim Against Mosquitoes
Satellite and street view images provide basis for more precise evaluation of the environmental conditions that favor the presence of Aedes aegypti The Aedes aegypti mosquito is responsible worldwide for the spread of infectious diseases such as dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever. To combat the widely transmitted diseases affecting millions, detailed mosquito distribution maps with data on the spatial and temporal spread of populations are of major importance.

Earth Sciences - 29.08.2024
Driving force of the Iceland plume reconsidered
Driving force of the Iceland plume reconsidered
The chemical composition triggers upwelling of mantle currents from Earth's interior / Findings published in "Nature Geoscience" journal Researchers around the world investigate the dynamic processes in Earth's deep interior, hundreds to thousands of kilometers below the surface. These processes drive plate movements and volcanism but still keep many secrets.

Environment - Earth Sciences - 13.08.2024
In years to come, the Arctic Ocean will absorb less CO2 than expected
In years to come, the Arctic Ocean will absorb less CO2 than expected
We humans benefit from the oceans' tremendous capacity to absorb greenhouse gases. Due to the low temperature of the water, the Arctic Ocean absorbs an especially large amount of CO2 in relation to its size. Due in part to climate change, this effect will be less pronounced in the future. A new study released by Universität Hamburg's Cluster of Excellence CLICCS shows how much CO2 is released into the atmosphere in the Arctic Ocean by the erosion of coastal permafrost.

Earth Sciences - 08.08.2024
New ways to adapt to extreme heat in the city
As summer temperatures rise, the health risks caused by heat increase. This particularly affects urban areas and cities such as Heidelberg with a high building density and limited green spaces. The heat island effect, which describes the higher temperatures in inner-city areas compared to the surrounding area, leads to an increase in heat-related illnesses, especially among vulnerable population groups such as the elderly, children and people with pre-existing conditions.

Earth Sciences - Environment - 05.08.2024
New Insights Into the Formation of the Antarctic Ice Sheet
New Insights Into the Formation of the Antarctic Ice Sheet
Geological studies of a drill core combined with computer models show that large ice sheets first formed only in East Antarctica The glaciation of the Antarctic began approximately 34 million years ago, but the initial phase of glaciation did not encompass the entire continent - as previously assumed.

Astronomy / Space - Earth Sciences - 01.08.2024
Ribbeck meteorite from the Havelland is 4.5 billion years old
Ribbeck meteorite from the Havelland is 4.5 billion years old
Researchers from the University of Münster analysed 202 fragments At the beginning of this year, on 21 January, a huge fireball was visible over the German state of Brandenburg. It was the result of a small celestial body entering the Earth's atmosphere, bursting and falling to the ground in numerous fragments near Ribbeck in the Havelland.

Environment - Earth Sciences - 01.08.2024
New perspectives for using corals in climate research
New perspectives for using corals in climate research
Research team led by Göttingen University expands the applications of oxygen isotope measurements   Measuring temperatures from Earth's past is important for understanding the development of its climate. Ancient ocean temperatures are most commonly reconstructed by analysing the ratio of different oxygen atoms in the calcium carbonate remains of fossils.

Earth Sciences - 29.07.2024
A Blue Miracle in the Eifel: How Sapphires Formed in Volcanoes
A Blue Miracle in the Eifel: How Sapphires Formed in Volcanoes
Researchers at Heidelberg University are studying the formation of this characteristically blue-colored crystal in volcanic melts Sapphires are among the most precious gems, yet they consist solely of chemically "contaminated" aluminum oxide, or corundum. Worldwide, these characteristically blue-colored crystals are mainly found in association with silicon-poor volcanic rocks.

Earth Sciences - Environment - 23.07.2024
Hot Traces in Rock
Hot Traces in Rock
Rocks undergo changes over millions of years. Yet it is possible to extract information from them about the climate at the time of their formation. Fluids circulating underground change rocks over the course of time. These processes must be taken into account if they are to be used as a climate archive.

Earth Sciences - Environment - 16.07.2024
The dawn of the Antarctic ice sheets
The dawn of the Antarctic ice sheets
For the first time, the recovery of unique geological samples combined with sophisticated modelling provides surprising insights into when and where today's Antarctic ice sheet formed. In recent years global warming has left its mark on the Antarctic ice sheets. The "eternal" ice in Antarctica is melting faster than previously assumed, particularly in West Antarctica more than East Antarctica.

Environment - Earth Sciences - 04.07.2024
Grasses in the Fog: Plants Support Life in the Desert
Grasses in the Fog: Plants Support Life in the Desert
Researchers from the Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (SHEP) at the University of Tübingen and the Senckenberg Natural History Museum in Görlitz have studied the role of the desert grass Stipagrostis sabulicola in the African Namib Desert. In their study, published in the journal Scientific Reports , they show that the plant is able to absorb moisture from fog events and thus forms an essential basis of an - altogether unexpectedly complex - food web in the drought-stricken landscape.
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